Osteoimmunology: A Link between Gastrointestinal Diseases and Skeletal Health in Chickens

Bone serves as a multifunctional organ in avian species, giving structural integrity to the body, aiding locomotion and flight, regulating mineral homeostasis, supplementing calcium for eggshell formation. Furthermore, immune cells originate reside bone marrow, sharing milieu with cells, indicating potential interaction functions. In prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases can alter growth response, which costs great fortune poultry industry. Previous studies have shown that coccidiosis necrotic enteritis dramatically reduce quality well. However, possible mechanisms on how is influenced by these disease conditions not yet been completely understood, other than reduced feed intake. On hand, several mediators such chemokines cytokines, play vital role differentiation activation osteoclasts responsible resorption osteoblasts case Eimeria spp./Clostridium perfringens coinfection, are upregulated. One mechanism accelerated loss after illnesses might be immune-mediated osteoclastogenesis via cytokines-RANKL-mediated pathways. This review article thus focuses osteoimmunological pathways between host responses biology like affecting skeletal health.